词根信息
词根: tend / tens / tent 来源: 拉丁语 tendere（伸展、张开、朝向） 变体: tend-, tens-, tent-, ten- 关联词根: tract（拉）
tend / tens / tent — 伸展、朝向
核心含义
拉丁语 tendere = to stretch, to extend, to aim toward。派生词围绕”伸展”展开四条线：
- “向某方向伸展 → 意图/趋势” → intend, tendency, tend
- “向外伸展 → 扩大/范围” → extend, extent, extensive
- “伸展到紧张 → 张力/强烈” → tension, tense, intense, intensive
- “伸向某人 → 关注/照顾” → attend, attention, attentive
派生词网络
Tier 1 — 雅思高频核心（必须掌握）
| 单词 | 拆解 | 字面义 | 实际义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| tend | tend(伸展→朝向) | 伸向某个方向 | 倾向于、往往会 |
| intend | in-(向) + tend(伸展) | 向某方向伸展 | 打算、计划 |
| intention | intend + -tion | 伸展的方向 | 意图、目的 |
| extend | ex-(出) + tend(伸展) | 伸出去 | 扩展、延长、提供 |
| extent | ex-(出) + tent(伸展) | 伸展到的范围 | 程度、范围 |
| attend | at-(=ad,向) + tend(伸展) | 伸向某人 | 出席、照料 |
| attention | attend + -tion | 伸向某人的状态 | 注意力、关注 |
| tension | tens(伸展) + -ion | 被拉紧的状态 | 紧张、张力 |
| intense | in-(内) + tense(伸展) | 内心拉紧 | 强烈的、激烈的 |
| intensive | intense + -ive | 高强度的 | 加强的、密集的 |
Tier 2 — 重要扩展
| 单词 | 拆解 | 字面义 | 实际义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| tendency | tend + -ency | 伸展的方向 | 趋势、倾向 |
| extensive | extend + -ive | 伸展出去的 | 广泛的、大规模的 |
| pretend | pre-(前) + tend(伸展) | 在面前伸展(掩盖真相) | 假装、伪装 |
| contend | con-(一起) + tend(伸展) | 朝同一个方向拉 | 竞争、主张 |
| tense | tens(伸展) | 拉紧的 | 紧张的、时态 |
| attentive | attend + -ive | 伸向某人的 | 专心的、体贴的 |
| intentionally | intention + -ally | 带着意图地 | 故意地、有意地 |
例句（IELTS 场景）
- tend — People tend to spend more money during holiday seasons.
- 写作描述趋势：tend to = 往往会
- intend — The government intends to introduce new environmental regulations.
- 写作 Task 2：intend to do / be intended to + verb
- intention — The intention of the policy is to reduce income inequality.
- 写作：with the intention of
- extend — The deadline has been extended by two weeks.
- 写作/听力：extend an offer / deadline / visa
- extent — To a large extent, the success of a business depends on customer satisfaction.
- 写作 Task 2 万能：to some / a large / a certain extent
- attend — Students are required to attend at least 80% of classes.
- 写作/口语：attend school / a meeting / a conference
- attention — Particular attention should be paid to early childhood education.
- 写作：pay attention to / draw attention to / bring to one’s attention
- tension — Racial tensions have increased in many multicultural societies.
- 写作 Task 2 社会话题：social / racial / political tension
- intense — The competition for university places is extremely intense.
- 写作描述竞争/压力
- intensive — The patient required intensive care after the surgery.
- 写作/阅读：intensive course / farming / training
- extensive — Extensive research has been conducted on the effects of climate change.
- 写作 Task 2：extensive research / experience / damage
- tendency — There is a growing tendency for young people to delay marriage.
- 写作描述趋势：a tendency to do / toward
- intentionally — The company intentionally misled consumers about the product’s safety.
- 写作讨论企业道德
- pretend — We cannot pretend that climate change does not exist.
- 口语/写作
常见搭配速记
| 搭配 | 含义 | 场景 |
|---|---|---|
| tend to do | 往往会 | 写作 |
| be intended to | 旨在 | 写作 |
| to a large extent | 在很大程度上 | 写作 Task 2 |
| pay attention to | 注意 | 写作/口语 |
| extensive research | 广泛研究 | 写作 |
| intensive care | 重症监护 | 阅读 |
| draw attention to | 引起对…的关注 | 写作 |
前缀拆解公式
[前缀] + tend/tens/tent
in- 向 + tend → intend 打算（朝某方向）
ex- 出 + tend → extend 扩展（伸出去）
at- 向 + tend → attend 出席（伸向某人）
pre- 前 + tend → pretend 假装（伸在前面掩盖）
con- 一起 + tend → contend 竞争（一起拉/主张）
in- 内 + tense → intense 强烈（内心拉紧）
易混辨析
- extend vs expand：extend = 线性延伸（时间/长度），expand = 空间扩张（体积/规模）
- extent vs degree：extent 偏”覆盖范围”，degree 偏”等级/程度”
- intense vs intensive：intense = 强度大（intense pain），intensive = 专注/密集（intensive course）
- attend vs present：attend 强调行为（出席），present 强调状态（在场）
- intentional vs deliberate：几乎同义，deliberate 更强调”深思熟虑的”
相关词根
- tract（拉）→ attract, extract — “拉”和”伸展”都涉及方向上的力