词根信息
mit / miss — 发送、投掷
核心含义
拉丁语 mittere = to send, to throw, to let go。这个根覆盖面极广——从”提交作业”到”发射导弹”都用它。
规律:
- mit → 动词原形(admit, commit, permit, submit)
- miss → 名词/形容词(mission, admission, dismissal)
派生词网络
Tier 1 — 雅思高频核心
| 单词 | 拆解 | 字面义 | 实际义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| admit | ad-(向) + mit(发送) | 发送进去 → 允许进入 | 承认、准许进入 |
| commit | com-(一起) + mit(发送) | 一起发送 → 托付 | 承诺、犯(罪)、投入 |
| permit | per-(通过) + mit(发送) | 放过去 | 允许、许可 |
| submit | sub-(下) + mit(发送) | 从下面送上去 | 提交、屈服 |
| transmit | trans-(跨) + mit(发送) | 跨越发送 | 传输、传播 |
| mission | miss(发送) + -ion | 被派出去的事 | 使命、任务 |
Tier 2 — 重要扩展
| 单词 | 拆解 | 字面义 | 实际义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| dismiss | dis-(分开) + miss(送) | 送走 → 打发走 | 解雇、驳回、不予理会 |
| omit | o-(=ob,离开) + mit(送) | 送掉 → 漏掉 | 省略、遗漏 |
| promise | pro-(前) + mise(送) | 向前送出 → 保证 | 承诺、诺言 |
| compromise | com-(一起) + promise(承诺) | 互相承诺让步 | 妥协、折中 |
| emission | e-(出) + miss(送) + -ion | 送出去的东西 | 排放(物) |
| admission | admit + -ssion | 允许进入 | 准入、录取、入场费 |
例句(IELTS 场景)
- admit — It must be admitted that technological progress has both benefits and drawbacks.
- 写作 Task 2 让步段:admittedly / it must be admitted that…
- commit — The government has committed substantial funds to renewable energy projects.
- 写作表达投入:be committed to / make a commitment to
- permit — Strict regulations do not permit the discharge of untreated waste into rivers.
- 写作讨论法规:permit someone to do / be permitted to
- submit — Applicants must submit their documents before the deadline.
- 听力/阅读申请场景:submit an application / assignment
- transmit — The disease is transmitted through contaminated water.
- 阅读 Section 3 健康/科学话题
- mission — The organization’s mission is to provide education to underprivileged children.
- 口语 Part 3 / 写作:mission statement, core mission
- dismiss — The proposal was dismissed as impractical by the committee.
- 写作驳斥观点:dismiss an argument / idea
- omission — The omission of key data undermines the credibility of the report.
- 写作 Task 1 评价数据完整性
- compromise — A successful negotiation often requires compromise from both sides.
- 写作 Task 2 解决类:reach a compromise / without compromising quality
前缀拆解公式
[前缀] + mit/miss
ad- 向 + mit → admit 承认/准入(送进去)
com- 一起 + mit → commit 承诺/投入(一起托付)
per- 通过 + mit → permit 允许(放过去)
sub- 下 + mit → submit 提交(从下往上送)
trans-跨 + mit → transmit 传输(跨距离发送)
dis- 分开 + miss → dismiss 驳回(送走)
e- 出 + miss → emission 排放(送出去的东西)
o- 离 + mit → omit 省略(送掉 → 漏掉)
易混辨析
- admit 两个核心义项:① 承认(admit a mistake)② 准许进入(admit someone to a school)
- commit 的三个面:① commit to doing(承诺)② commit a crime(犯)③ be committed to(投入)
- submit vs yield:submit 是”提交/屈服于人”,yield 是”屈服/产出”
- promise vs compromise:promise(承诺),compromise(互相 promise → 妥协)