常见前缀
前缀决定单词的方向、否定、程度或时间。掌握前缀后，生词的拆解准确率至少翻倍。
方向性前缀（最重要）
| 前缀 | 含义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| ad- (ac-/af-/ag-/ap-/ar-/as-/at-) | 向、朝向 | admit, accept, attract, apply, arrive, assist, attend |
| ex- (e-/ef-) | 出、向外 | export, extract, eject, evade, emit |
| in- (im-/il-/ir-) | 入、向内 | import, include, inject, immigrate |
| re- | 回、再、重新 | return, reduce, revise, rebuild |
| pro- | 向前、赞成 | progress, produce, promote, propose |
| pre- | 在…之前 | predict, prepare, prevent, prescribe |
| sub- (suc-/suf-/sup-/sus-) | 在下面 | subway, submit, support, suspect, succeed |
| trans- | 跨越、穿过 | transport, transmit, transfer, transform |
| inter- | 在…之间 | international, interact, interrupt, interpret |
| de- | 向下、去除、离开 | decrease, destroy, depart, deduce |
| dis- (di-/dif-) | 分开、否定 | dismiss, distract, discover, differ |
| se- | 分开、隔离 | separate, select, secret |
否定前缀
| 前缀 | 含义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| un- | 不、非 | unhappy, unable, unlikely, unusual |
| in- (im-/il-/ir-) | 不、非 | incorrect, impossible, illegal, irregular |
| dis- | 不、无、相反 | disagree, disappear, dishonest, disorder |
| mis- | 错误 | misunderstand, mislead, mistake |
| non- | 非、无 | nonsense, nonprofit, non-smoker |
| anti- | 反对、对抗 | antibiotic, antisocial, anticipate |
| counter- | 反对、相反 | contradict, counteract, counterpart |
| mal- | 坏的 | malfunction, malnutrition, maltreat |
程度与大小
| 前缀 | 含义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| super- | 超、上 | supermarket, supervise, superficial |
| over- | 过度、在上 | overestimate, overlook, overcome |
| under- | 不足、在下 | underestimate, undergo, undergraduate |
| semi- | 半 | semicircle, semi-precious, semi-final |
| multi- | 多 | multiply, multimedia, multinational |
| mini- | 小 | minimum, minimize, minibus |
时间与顺序
| 前缀 | 含义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| pre- | 在…之前 | preview, prehistoric, precaution |
| post- | 在…之后 | postpone, postscript, postgraduate |
| fore- | 预先、在前 | forecast, foresee, forehead |
数量前缀
| 前缀 | 含义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| uni- / mono- | 一 | uniform, universe / monopoly, monotonous |
| bi- / du- | 二 | bicycle, bilingual / dual, duplicate |
| tri- | 三 | triangle, triple, trilogy |
| cent- | 百 | century, percent, centigrade |
同化规则速记
ad- 遇到不同辅音会同化：
ad- + t → at- attend, attract
ad- + p → ap- apply, appear
ad- + r → ar- arrive, arrange
ad- + s → as- assist, assign
ad- + g → ag- aggressive, aggregate
ad- + c → ac- accept, accompany
ad- + f → af- affect, afford
同样的规则适用于 in-, sub-, con- 等同化前缀。